Map coloring is the act of assigning different colors to different features on a map.   There are two very different uses of this term. The first is in cartography, choosing the colors to be used when producing a map.   The second is in mathematics, where the problem is to determine the minimum number of colors needed to color a map so that no two adjacent features have the same color.

Here are three Map Coloring activities:

Map Coloring Activity #1 (Introduction to Coloring Math Maps)
Map Coloring Activity #2 (Four Difficult Maps to Color)
Map Coloring Activity #3 (Map of the United States)