Answer to June 11, 2001 ProblemContributed by Warren Buckner |
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The Island Problem |
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On this island there are two tribes of people none of whom shows any
indication of which tribe they belong to except for the following
implausible fact: members of the Friendless Tribe always state what is true
and members of the Untrusted Tribe always state what is false. The only
things they agree upon are two rules that had come down to them from the
distant past: a stranger to the island can only ask one question of any
native of the island, and, the question can only be answered "yes" or "no";
under penalty of death.
Professor Wise unwisely tried to inquire of a native more than one question
and was now being chased to pay the penalty. He came upon a fork in the
road, guarded by one native of the island. A sign was there that said "This
way to the shore" and "This way to quicksand". Each sentence had an arrow
with it. Clearly the sign was meant to be at the fork indicating which road
led where, but the sign had been knocked down and lay on the ground, thus
giving no information.
The shore meant his boat and freedom. Turning around meant meeting his
pursuers. The other road meant death in quicksand.
He had but one quesiton he could ask the guard.
What question should he ask?
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Solution to Problem: There is more than one question that will do, but they basically are variants of:
Pointing to a road, Prof. Wise asks: "If I asked you "Is this the road to
the shore?" would you say "yes"? Assume Prof. Wise points to road A and Road B is to the shore. Friendless, telling the truth, will say "no". Untrusted, who always lies, will also say "no" (he would say "yes" if asked if it is the road to the shore (a lie), so lying here he says he would not say "yes". If Prof. Wise points to road A and Road A is to the shore, both Friendless and Untrusted would say "yes".
Thus "no" means take Road B and "yes" means take road A. |
1. Keith Mealy | Cincinnati, Ohio |
2. Renata Sommerville | Austin, Texas |
3. Walt Arrison | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
4. Ricki Stern | Highland Park, New Jersey |
5. Richard K. Johnson | La Jolla, California |