In honor of PI DAY (3/14), you will need to use pi in your solution of this week's problem. There are three circles, each tangent to the other two. The radius of circle A is 6 inches. The radius of circle B is 4 inches. The radius of circle C is 2 inches. What is the area of the shaded region in the diagram below? Give your answer correct to three decimal places.

Solution to the Problem: The shaded area = 1.857 square inches. The following facts were used to solve this problem: The Pythagorean Theorem. The area of a sector of a circle equals the number of degrees in the central angle divided by 360° times the area of the circle (Area of a circle = pi * the square of the radius). The area of a triangle is 1/2 times the base times the height. The acute angle of a right triangle is equal to the inverse tangent of the ratio of the leg opposite the angle and the leg adjacent to the angle. First, draw segments connecting the centers of the circles. Then AB = 10 inches, BC = 6 inches, and AC = 8 inches. This forms a right triangle since 62 + 82 = 102. Therefore, angle C is the right angle. Observe that the shaded area (in red in the diagram above) is equal to the area of triangle ABC minus the areas of the three sectors (these are shown as tan, grey, and cyan in the diagram below). The area of triangle ABC = 1/2 * 6 * 8 = 24 square inches. The measure of angle C has been determined to be 90°, so sector C is 1/4 of the area of circle C (since 90 / 360 = 1/4). The area of sector C = 1/4 * pi * 22 = pi = 3.1419 square inches. To determine angle A: A = Tan-1 (6/8) = 36.8699°. The area of sector A = 36.8699/360 * pi * 6 2 = 11.583 square inches. To determine angle B: B = Tan-1 (8/6) = 53.130°. The area of sector B = 53.130/360 * pi * 4 2 = 7.41836 square inches. Hence, the shaded area = 24 - 3.14159 - 11.582 - 7.41836 = 1.857 square inches.

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